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These wandering sea dwellers are believed by some experts to have been
the first inhabitants of the Andaman coastal regions of Thailand, Myanmar
and Malaysia. Today only several thousand of them remain here, with few
still living the traditional life that took them to sea in their small boats
for seven or eight months of the year.
 The
Moken are related to other ‘sea gypsy’ peoples inhabiting island
archipelagos all the way to the Philippines. Their language appears
unrelated to any other, and their real origin is unknown. Some experts
believe it was the ancestors of the Moken who drew the paintings found in
caves in Phang Nga Bay and at other locations. There is a lot of conjecture
and little concrete information about their origins and history.
The Moken are without doubt the masters of the sea, able to forage a living
from it by exploiting an amazing number of organisms here. During their
seven or eight months at sea each year those still living traditionally
wander from island to island in groups of a half dozen or more boats, each
holding one family, usually of three generations. They use nets, traps and
spears to catch fish and other creatures, and spend a lot of time diving
with primitive gear. In this manner they collect or spear shells, sea
cucumbers, lobsters and any other marine organism they can find. Some is for
their own consumption, the rest for sale in town markets where they come
from time to time to buy rice, cooking oil, fuel, nets, cooking utensils and
the few others bits and pieces their simple lives require. The thatched
roofs of their boats are often covered with fish, sea cucumbers, squid and
other sea produce being dried for market.
During the monsoon from June to October the Moken move ashore, building
temporary huts from poles, bamboo and grass at the back of remote beaches.
During this time they repair and build boats, while still prying a living
from the surging, inhospitable ocean.
Thailand’s Moken have been settled into permanent villages, two of which are
found on Phuket, with another on Phi Phi. These villages are poor, dirty and
bathed in an atmosphere of depression. Some uncaring companies use the Moken
village at Rawai as a human zoo, bussing in tourists to gawk and point
cameras at the sunburnt, scrappily dressed people. The children beg from the
tourists, even grabbing things from them. It is the sight of a people
dispossessed of their traditions and dignity. Government officials have
tried to draw the Moken children into school, an effort that has been
largely unsuccessful. As soon as conditions are right for fishing the
children desert the classroom to join their parents at sea.
Only in the Mergui archipelago of Myanmar are Moken found living their
traditional life in boats at sea. The myriad islands here shelter perhaps a
few thousand of them. Here again the authorities have begun an effort at
settling Moken into a permanent village at Pu Nala island.
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